The Online Encyclopedia of American Silver Marks

• Belden, Louise Conway Marks of American Silversmiths: In the Ineson-Bissell Collection. Charlottesville, VA: Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, 1980.

• Darling, Sharon S. Chicago Metalsmiths. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Historical Society, 1977.

• Dietz, Ulysses Grant. Glitter and the Gold. Newark, New Jersey: The Newark Museum, 1997.

• Hagan, Tere. Sterling Flatware: An Identification and Value Guide. Gas City, Indiana: L-W Book Sales, 2004

• Rainwater, Dorothy T., Martin and Colette Fuller Encyclopedia of American Silver Manufacturers. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 5th Edition 2004.

• Trade-marks of the Jewelry and Kindred Trades. New York and Philadelphia: Jewelers Circular-Keystone and The Chilton Company, 1915, 1934, 1950.